From: Skeletal muscle metabolism on whole-body positron emission tomography during pitching
Muscles | Throwing side | Non-throwing side | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SUV value | Confidence interval | Effect size | P- value | SUV value | Confidence interval | Effect size | P- value | |||
Pitching | Control | Pitching | Control | |||||||
Superior part of trapezius | 0.70 ± 0.14 | 0.58 ± 0.08 | [0.02, 0.24] | 1.09 | 0.026a | 0.64 ± 0.06 | 0.57 ± 0.09 | [−0.01, 0.14] | 0.85 | 0.074 |
Horizontal part of trapezius | 0.74 ± 0.09 | 0.65 ± 0.08 | [0.01, 0.17] | 1.11 | 0.024a | 0.74 ± 0.14 | 0.67 ± 0.08 | [−0.03, 0.18] | 0.67 | 0.153 |
Inferior part of trapezius | 0.70 ± 0.07 | 0.73 ± 0.08 | [−0.09, 0.05] | 0.33 | 0.468 | 0.74 ± 0.13 | 0.69 ± 0.07 | [−0.05, 0.15] | 0.45 | 0.325 |
Levator scapulae | 0.71 ± 0.18 | 0.58 ± 0.10 | [−0.01, 0.27] | 0.88 | 0.07 | 0.71 ± 0.15 | 0.58 ± 0.13 | [0.00, 0.26] | 0.94 | 0.049a |
Rhomboids | 0.65 ± 0.08 | 0.68 ± 0.11 | [−0.11, 0.06] | 0.27 | 0.554 | 0.67 ± 0.13 | 0.76 ± 0.09 | [−0.19, 0.02] | 0.76 | 0.106 |
Serratus anterior | 0.76 ± 0.07 | 0.71 ± 0.08 | [−0.06, 0.16] | 0.46 | 0.316 | 0.74 ± 0.11 | 0.68 ± 0.10 | [−0.04, 0.15] | 0.56 | 0.23 |
Pectoralis minor | 0.72 ± 0.09 | 0.62 ± 0.12 | [−0.01, 0.19] | 0.89 | 0.062 | 0.70 ± 0.14 | 0.68 ± 0.10 | [−0.09, 0.14] | 0.21 | 0.649 |
Subscapularis | 0.76 ± 0.07 | 0.79 ± 0.08 | [−0.10, 0.05] | 0.32 | 0.481 | 0.80 ± 0.09 | 0.77 ± 0.09 | [−0.06, 0.12] | 0.3 | 0.509 |
Supraspinatus | 0.75 ± 0.10 | 0.72 ± 0.14 | [−0.08, 0.14] | 0.25 | 0.579 | 0.76 ± 0.07 | 0.79 ± 0.09 | [−0.10, 0.05] | 0.33 | 0.465 |
Infraspinatus | 0.81 ± 0.07 | 0.83 ± 0.09 | [−0.10, 0.06] | 0.22 | 0.626 | 0.86 ± 0.11 | 0.80 ± 0.11 | [−0.04, 0.17] | 0.56 | 0.227 |
Teres minor | 0.88 ± 0.10 | 0.88 ± 0.19 | [−0.14, 0.15] | 0.05 | 0.906 | 0.88 ± 0.10 | 0.85 ± 0.14 | [−0.09, 0.15] | 0.25 | 0.589 |
Teres major | 0.85 ± 0.22 | 0.63 ± 0.14 | [0.04, 0.39] | 1.17 | 0.017a | 0.93 ± 0.49 | 0.65 ± 0.16 | [−0.08, 0.64] | 0.77 | 0.113 |
Anterior part of deltoid | 0.60 ± 0.20 | 0.62 ± 0.12 | [−0.18, 0.13] | 0.14 | 0.758 | 0.68 ± 0.37 | 0.60 ± 0.10 | [−0.18, 0.34] | 0.3 | 0.515 |
Middle part of deltoid | 0.66 ± 0.16 | 0.64 ± 0.11 | [−0.11, 0.15] | 0.12 | 0.787 | 0.66 ± 0.13 | 0.64 ± 0.09 | [−0.09, 0.13] | 0.18 | 0.69 |
Posterior part of deltoid | 0.77 ± 0.10 | 0.65 ± 0.06 | [0.04, 0.20] | 1.46 | 0.017a | 0.78 ± 0.11 | 0.63 ± 0.10 | [0.06, 0.25] | 1.49 | 0.004a |
Latissimus dorsi | 0.76 ± 0.29 | 0.55 ± 0.09 | [0.01, 0.43] | 1.02 | 0.045a | 0.90 ± 0.49 | 0.57 ± 0.09 | [−0.02, 0.68] | 0.94 | 0.064 |
Pectoralis major | 0.71 ± 0.22 | 0.56 ± 0.12 | [−0.01, 0.32] | 0.87 | 0.067 | 0.68 ± 0.37 | 0.58 ± 0.11 | [−0.05, 0.26] | 0.64 | 0.168 |
Coracobrachialis | 0.97 ± 0.13 | 0.90 ± 0.12 | [−0.05, 0.19] | 0.56 | 0.229 | 0.66 ± 0.13 | 0.88 ± 0.14 | [−0.15, 0.11] | 0.13 | 0.769 |
Biceps | 0.85 ± 0.33 | 0.57 ± 0.11 | [0.05, 0.51] | 1.13 | 0.021a | 1.00 ± 0.36 | 0.59 ± 0.12 | [0.15, 0.68] | 1.54 | 0.006a |
Brachialis | 0.90 ± 0.23 | 0.67 ± 0.16 | [0.04, 0.42] | 1.16 | 0.019a | 0.95 ± 0.31 | 0.63 ± 0.14 | [0.09, 0.55] | 1.32 | 0.011a |
Triceps | 0.74 ± 0.36 | 0.55 ± 0.10 | [−0.07, 0.45] | 0.72 | 0.137 | 0.60 ± 0.31 | 0.54 ± 0.12 | [−0.15, 0.29] | 0.29 | 0.519 |
Anconeus | 0.77 ± 0.17 | 0.78 ± 0.14 | [− 0.15, 0.14] | 0.04 | 0.923 | 0.84 ± 0.21 | 0.74 ± 0.18 | [−0.08, 0.29] | 0.53 | 0.25 |
Pronator teres | 0.77 ± 0.26 | 0.71 ± 0.19 | [−0.15, 0.27] | 0.26 | 0.562 | 0.82 ± 0.36 | 0.76 ± 0.18 | [−0.20, 0.33] | 0.22 | 0.631 |
Forearm flexors | 0.96 ± 0.40 | 0.76 ± 0.08 | [−0.08, 0.49] | 0.71 | 0.144 | 1.04 ± 0.32 | 0.73 ± 0.10 | [0.07, 0.54] | 1.29 | 0.015a |
Pronator quadratus | 0.87 ± 0.53 | 0.72 ± 0.19 | [−0.25, 0.53] | 0.36 | 0.432 | 0.72 ± 0.16 | 0.72 ± 0.19 | [−0.16, 0.17] | 0.02 | 0.971 |
Brachioradialis | 0.87 ± 0.30 | 0.64 ± 0.13 | [0.01, 0.44] | 1.00 | 0.038a | 0.71 ± 0.28 | 0.54 ± 0.09 | [−0.04, 0.37] | 0.8 | 0.102 |
Extensor digitorum | 1.67 ± 0.49 | 0.81 ± 0.15 | [0.35, 1.09] | 1.90 | 0.001a | 1.96 ± 0.64 | 0.88 ± 0.17 | [0.64, 1.51] | 2.31 | 0.000a |
Abductor hallucis brevis | 1.67 ± 0.71 | 0.88 ± 0.30 | [0.26, 1.32] | 1.45 | 0.007a | 1.30 ± 0.57 | 0.77 ± 0.14 | [0.11, 0.94] | 1.27 | 0.017a |
Adductor hallucis | 2.10 ± 0.88 | 1.13 ± 0.27 | [0.33, 1.62] | 1.50 | 0.007a | 1.51 ± 0.54 | 1.03 ± 0.24 | [0.07, 0.88] | 1.13 | 0.026a |
Abductor digiti minimi pedis | 1.06 ± 0.64 | 0.94 ± 0.23 | [−0.32, 0.57] | 0.26 | 0.569 | 0.97 ± 0.29 | 0.86 ± 0.20 | [−0.13, 0.35] | 0.44 | 0.341 |
Lumbricalis | 1.64 ± 0.77 | 1.02 ± 0.41 | [0.05, 1.21] | 1.02 | 0.036a | 1.36 ± 0.67 | 0.97 ± 0.21 | [−0.08, 0.85] | 0.78 | 0.097 |