Table 3 Mean Likert-Scores of the WHQOLBREF-Items Displayed by Race Distance
Control Group | NURMI-Runners | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Question | Total | 10 KM | HM | M/UM | p | η2 |
How would you rate your Quality of Life? 1 | ||||||
Women | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 4.26 ± 0.62 | 4.44 ± 0.51 | 0.111 | 0.016 |
Men | 4.48 ± 0.65 | 4.45 ± 0.58 | 4.59 ± 0.56 | 4.37 ± 0.79 | ||
How satisfied are you with your health? 2 | ||||||
Women | 4.09 ± 0.93 | 3.93 ± 1.03 | 4.18 ± 0.89 | 4.37 ± 0.69 | 0.111 | 0.016 |
Men | 4.30 ± 0.95 | 4.39 ± 0.68 | 4.30 ± 1.03 | 4.21 ± 1.04 | ||
To what extent do you feel that physical pain prevents you from doing what you need to do? 3 | ||||||
Women | 4.67 ± 0.58 | 4.67 ± 0.58 | 4.72 ± 0.53 | 4.56 ± 0.70 | 0.314 | 0.008 |
Men | 4.66 ± 0.57 | 4.85 ± 0.36 | 4.67 ± 0.56 | 4.51 ± 0.69 | ||
How much do you need any medical treatment to function in your daily life? 3 | ||||||
Women | 4.82 ± 0.43 | 4.83 ± 0.42 | 4.89 ± 0.45 | 4.81 ± 0.40 | 0.746 | 0.002 |
Men | 4.78 ± 0.66 | 4.82 ± 0.47 | 4.85 ± 0.63 | 4.67 ± 0.81 | ||
How much do you enjoy life? 3 | ||||||
Women | 4.17 ± 0.71 | 4.13 ± 0.72 | 4.18 ± 0.73 | 4.26 ± 0.66 | 0.924 | 0.001 |
Men | 4.17 ± 0.71 | 4.12 ± 0.60 | 4.11 ± 0.90 | 4.28 ± 0.55 | ||
To what extent do you feel your life to be meaningful? 3 | ||||||
Women | 4.11 ± 0.78 | 4.05 ± 0.84 | 4.12 ± 0.76 | 4.26 ± 0.66 | 0.950 | < 0.001 |
Men | 4.31 ± 0.81 | 4.24 ± 0.71 | 4.30 ± 1.03 | 4.37 ± 0.62 | ||
How well are you able to concentrate? 4 | ||||||
Women | 3.89 ± 0.76 | 3.87 ± 0.74 | 3.89 ± 0.80 | 3.93 ± 0.73 | 0.903 | 0.001 |
Men | 4.01 ± 0.71 | 3.97 ± 0.59 | 3.96 ± 0.70 | 4.09 ± 0.81 | ||
How safe do you feel in your daily life? 4 | ||||||
Women | 4.16 ± 0.66 | 4.04 ± 0.71 | 4.23 ± 0.60 | 4.37 ± 0.57 | 0.267 | 0.010 |
Men | 4.28 ± 0.76 | 4.30 ± 0.68 | 4.26 ± 0.91 | 4.28 ± 0.67 | ||
How healthy is your physical environment? 4 | ||||||
Women | 3.91 ± 0.78 | 3.75 ± 0.84 | 4.07 ± 0.73 | 4.04 ± 0.65 | 0.220 | 0.011 |
Men | 3.98 ± 0.80 | 4.00 ± 0.71 | 4.07 ± 0.88 | 3.86 ± 0.77 | ||
Do you have enough energy for everyday life? 4 | ||||||
Women | 4.18 ± 0.64 | 4.07 ± 0.70 | 4.28 ± 0.56 | 4.26 ± 0.59 | 0.888 | 0.001 |
Men | 4.34 ± 0.59 | 4.18 ± 0.64 | 4.37 ± 0.53 | 4.44 ± 0.59 | ||
Are you able to accept your bodily appearance? 4 | ||||||
Women | 4.00 ± 0.70 | 3.95 ± 0.70 | 4.00 ± 0.71 | 4.15 ± 0.72 | 0.349 | 0.008 |
Men | 4.24 ± 0.64 | 4.15 ± 0.80 | 4.35 ± 0.53 | 4.19 ± 0.63 | ||
Have you enough money to meet your needs? 4 | ||||||
Women | 3.98 ± 0.79 | 3.91 ± 0.87 | 4.00 ± 0.73 | 4.15 ± 0.66 | 0.826 | 0.001 |
Men | 3.93 ± 0.82 | 3.79 ± 0.82 | 3.98 ± 0.86 | 3.98 ± 0.77 | ||
How available to you is the information that you need in your day-to-day life? 4 | ||||||
Women | 4.65 ± 0.50 | 4.64 ± 0.51 | 4.68 ± 0.47 | 4.63 ± 0.57 | 0.242 | 0.010 |
Men | 4.71 ± 0.45 | 4.55 ± 0.51 | 4.78 ± 0.42 | 4.77 ± 0.43 | ||
To what extent do you have the opportunity for leisure activities? 4 | ||||||
Women | 4.33 ± 0.70 | 4.21 ± 0.76 | 4.51 ± 0.57 | 4.30 ± 0.72 | 0.481 | 0.005 |
Men | 4.28 ± 0.68 | 4.00 ± 0.66 | 4.41 ± 0.69 | 4.35 ± 0.65 | ||
How well are you able to get around? 1 | ||||||
Women | 4.84 ± 0.37 | 4.76 ± 0.43 | 4.91 ± 0.29 | 4.93 ± 0.27 | 0.394 | 0.007 |
Men | 4.88 ± 0.33 | 4.85 ± 0.36 | 4.87 ± 0.34 | 4.91 ± 0.29 | ||
How satisfied are you with your sleep? 2 | ||||||
Women | 3.82 ± 0.91 | 3.83 ± 0.95 | 3.81 ± 0.85 | 3.81 ± 0.96 | 0.530 | 0.005 |
Men | 3.96 ± 0.85 | 4.12 ± 0.76 | 4.00 ± 0.81 | 3.79 ± 0.97 | ||
How satisfied are you with your ability to perform your daily living activities? 2 | ||||||
Women | 4.26 ± 0.72 | 4.23 ± 0.75 | 4.18 ± 0.74 | 4.52 ± 0.58 | 0.226 | 0.011 |
Men | 4.34 ± 0.57 | 4.21 ± 0.49 | 4.39 ± 0.54 | 4.40 ± 0.66 | ||
How satisfied are you with your capacity for work? 2 | ||||||
Women | 4.23 ± 0.71 | 4.23 ± 0.67 | 4.18 ± 0.69 | 4.33 ± 0.88 | 0.884 | 0.001 |
Men | 4.46 ± 0.61 | 4.45 ± 0.56 | 4.43 ± 0.62 | 4.49 ± 0.63 | ||
How satisfied are you with yourself? 2 | ||||||
Women | 3.96 ± 0.72 | 3.95 ± 0.73 | 3.91 ± 0.66 | 4.11 ± 0.80 | 0.095 | 0.017 |
Men | 4.14 ± 0.61 | 4.09 ± 0.77 | 4.28 ± 0.46 | 4.02 ± 0.60 | ||
How satisfied are you with your personal relationships? 2 | ||||||
Women | 4.02 ± 0.82 | 4.05 ± 0.80 | 3.96 ± 0.84 | 4.04 ± 0.85 | 0.699 | 0.003 |
Men | 4.08 ± 0.80 | 4.00 ± 0.71 | 4.11 ± 0.85 | 4.12 ± 0.82 | ||
How satisfied are you with your sex life? 2 | ||||||
Women | 3.58 ± 0.96 | 3.64 ± 0.94 | 3.51 ± 1.04 | 3.59 ± 0.84 | 0.698 | 0.003 |
Men | 3.58 ± 1.09 | 3.48 ± 1.15 | 3.54 ± 1.13 | 3.70 ± 1.01 | ||
How satisfied are you with the support you get from your friends? 2 | ||||||
Women | 3.99 ± 0.73 | 3.87 ± 0.68 | 4.11 ± 0.80 | 4.07 ± 0.68 | 0.423 | 0.006 |
Men | 3.85 ± 0.75 | 3.76 ± 0.61 | 4.04 ± 0.82 | 3.72 ± 0.73 | ||
How satisfied are you with the conditions of your living place? 2 | ||||||
Women | 4.13 ± 0.90 | 4.03 ± 0.94 | 4.21 ± 0.90 | 4.22 ± 0.75 | 0.861 | 0.001 |
Men | 4.14 ± 0.91 | 3.91 ± 0.98 | 4.20 ± 0.96 | 4.26 ± 0.79 | ||
How satisfied are you with your access to health services? 2 | ||||||
Women | 4.19 ± 0.81 | 4.00 ± 0.85 | 4.39 ± 0.75 | 4.33 ± 0.68 | 0.403 | 0.007 |
Men | 4.25 ± 0.75 | 4.18 ± 0.73 | 4.33 ± 0.70 | 4.21 ± 0.83 | ||
How satisfied are you with your transport? 2 | ||||||
Women | 4.25 ± 0.79 | 4.24 ± 0.69 | 4.25 ± 0.87 | 4.30 ± 0.87 | 0.073 | 0.019 |
Men | 4.36 ± 0.77 | 4.03 ± 0.85 | 4.54 ± 0.66 | 4.42 ± 0.76 | ||
How often do you have negative feelings such as blue mood, despair, anxiety, depression? 5 | ||||||
Women | 3.80 ± 0.80 | 3.80 ± 0.82 | 3.65 ± 0.79 | 4.11 ± 0.70 | 0.109 | 0.016 |
Men | 4.37 ± 0.65 | 4.39 ± 0.61 | 4.37 ± 0.68 | 4.35 ± 0.65 | ||