Effects of a moderate intake of beer on markers of hydration after exercise in the heat: a crossover study

Table 4 Fluid balance and urine excretion

		Post-rehydration	P value^a
Total fluid intake (mL)	Water	1644 ± 620	p = 0.91
Total fluid intake (mL)	Beer + water	1620 ± 587	p = 0.91
Total urine volume (mL)	Water	223 ± 245	p = 0.70
Total urine volume (mL)	Beer + water	281 ± 374	p = 0.70
Fluid balance (mL)	Water	1429 ± 490	p = 0.51
Fluid balance (mL)	Beer + water	1329 ± 350	p = 0.51
Urinary excretion rate (mL/min)	Water	1.86 ± 2.04	p = 0.66
Urinary excretion rate (mL/min)	Beer + water	2.34 ± 3.12	p = 0.66
Urinary osmolality (mOsm/kg)	Water	681.50 ± 181.04	p = 0.28
Urinary osmolality (mOsm/kg)	Beer + water	587.17 ± 252.23	p = 0.28
Urea (g)^b	Water	3.4 ± 2.7	p = 0.17
Urea (g)^b	Beer + water	2.5 ± 1.1	p = 0.17
Creatinine (g)^b	Water	0.30 ± 0.16	p = 0.14
Creatinine (g)^b	Beer + water	0.25 ± 0.15	p = 0.14
Uric Acid (mg)^b	Water	40 ± 42	p = 0.88
Uric Acid (mg)^b	Beer + water	39 ± 43	p = 0.88
Potassium (mEq)^b	Water	9.80 ± 3.70	p = 0.15
Potassium (mEq)^b	Beer + water	8.33 ± 3.45	p = 0.15
Sodium (mEq)^b	Water	12 ± 8	p = 0.67
Sodium (mEq)^b	Beer + water	13 ± 7	p = 0.67
Calcium (mg)^b	Water	20 ± 16	p = 0.63
Calcium (mg)^b	Beer + water	20 ± 10	p = 0.63
Phosphorus (mg)^b	Water	69 ± 82	p = 0.27
Phosphorus (mg)^b	Beer + water	45 ± 26	p = 0.27
Chlorine (mEq)^b	Water	153 ± 98	p = 0.84
Chlorine (mEq)^b	Beer + water	154 ± 78	p = 0.84
Magnesium (mg)^b	Water	8 ± 4	p = 0.50
Magnesium (mg)^b	Beer + water	10 ± 5	p = 0.50