Table 3 Body composition, hematologic and serum parameters through the whole protocol

Weight (kg)

74.2 ± 6.5

72.4 ± 6.3^d

Water

73.5 ± 6.5^gj

p = 0.23

74.3 ± 6.8

72.6 ± 6.7^d

Beer + water

73.6 ± 6.9^gj

Fat free mass (DXA) (kg)

57.9 ± 4.5

56.6 ± 4.5^d

Water

57.4 ± 4.6^g

p = 0.40

58.1 ± 4.9

56.9 ± 4.7^d

Beer + water

57.5 ± 4.5^g

Fat mass (DXA) (kg)

10.5 ± 3.8

10.0 ± 3.6

Water

10.3 ± 3.6

p = 0.32

10.5 ± 3.7

10.0 ± 3.3

Beer + water

10.1 ± 3.7

Hematocrit (%)

45.7 ± 3.0

46.6 ± 2.5

Water

45.5 ± 2.3

p = 0.45

45.1 ± 2.9

45.6 ± 2.2

Beer + water

45.0 ± 2.1

Plasma volume changes (%)

−5.3 (−8.3;−0.1)^b

Water

3.5 (0.9;9.3)

p = 0.44

−5.1 (−5.7; 0.7)^b

Beer + water

3.3 (0.5;7.9)

MCV (fL)

87.7 ± 3.0

87.4 ± 2.8^b

Water

87.5 ± 3.0

p = 0.40

88.1 ± 3.4

87.8 ± 3.4^c

Beer + water

87.7 ± 3.5

Iron (g/dL)

95.7 ± 27.3

125.0 ± 31.6^d

Water

122.9 ± 29.9

p = 0.43

92.6 ± 32.0

114.6 ± 32.5^b

Beer + water

108.0 ± 30.5

Urea (mg/dL)

40 ± 6

47 ± 6^d

Water

44 ± 4^fi

p = 0.09

39 ± 8

45 ± 7^d

Beer + water

40 ± 8^g

Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.2 ± 0.1

1.3 ± 0.1^d

Water

1.2 ± 0.1^g

p = 0.25

1.2 ± 0.1

1.3 ± 0.1^d

Beer + water

1.2 ± 0.1^e

Sodium (mEq/L)

138 ± 2

138 ± 2

Water

137 ± 3

p = 0.95

138 ± 2

139 ± 3

Beer + water

137 ± 2

Potassium (mEq/L)

4.6 ± 0.4

4.7 ± 0.4

Water

4.2 ± 0.4^gi

p = 0.28

4.7 ± 0.4

4.7 ± 0.3

Beer + water

4.3 ± 0.3^gh