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Table 2 Summary of strength of pairwise associations between reason to use and type of supplements used (all athletes who use supplements n = 520).

From: Performance enhancement with supplements: incongruence between rationale and practice

 

Maintain strength

Enhance endurance

Able to train longer

Doctors' advice

Creatine

.432 (< .001)

NA

.307 (< .001)

NA

Iron

NA

.021(.632)

NA

.259 (< .001)

Ginseng

NA

NA

.088a (.044)

NA

Whey protein

.434 (< .001)

NA

.245 (< .001)

NA

Caffeine

 

.273 (< .001)

.220 (< .001)

NA

Vitamin C

NA

NA

.055 (.209)

.003 (.944)

  1. a expected association from anecdotal effect. Each cell displays the ϕ coefficient and the corresponding p-values in parentheses (NA = no association expected).